TOM LONGBOAT
Tom Longboat is of the Onondaga First Nation community and was born in a log house on the Six Nations reserve in the summer of 1887. During the years prior to World War I, Tom Longboat was the most dominant runner in the world, and his accomplishments are still felt today.
In the fall of 1906, Longboat won the first of three consecutive 15-mile Ward Marathons in Toronto. But it was in April 1907, that he rose to international prominence when he captured the Boston Marathon in record time, with a time nearly five minutes faster than the previous best.
Battling driving sleet and bitterly cold winds, Tom Longboat won the 1907 Boston Marathon in a record time of 2:24:24. In 1909, Longboat defeated rival Alfred Shrubb to become the World Professional Marathon champion. Longboat’s winning time was almost five minutes faster than the previous Boston Marathon record, set in 1901 by fellow Canadian John Caffery.
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Tom Longboat served with the 107th Pioneer Battalion during World War One. He served as a dispatch runner, a dangerous position, and was wounded twice. He also competed in inter-battalion races during this period. In this image he is seen sitting in a trench and buying a newspaper. Tom also served during World War Two as a member of the Veterans Guard. He was proud of his native heritage and of being a Canadian.
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Longboat was able to win the acceptance and support of many Canadians through his long-distance running. In 1907, after winning the prestigious Boston marathon in record-breaking time, Longboat returned to Toronto where he was greeted by thousands of cheering fans and walked among them in a torch-lit parade. It was quite remarkable for Longboat to have gained such popularity, because there was a very powerful belief at that time that First Nations peoples were inferior to people of European descent. During Longboat's era, First Nations peoples not only were barred from voting and attending university, but also were not even considered Canadian citizens.
Longboat's pursuit of an Olympic gold medal in 1908 started badly and ended worse. Before the Games even began, American officials claimed that the First Nations runner had trained and competed as a professional, thus forfeiting his amateur status and making him ineligible for Olympic competition. Amazingly, the Canadian Amateur Athletic Federation, as part of its struggle over the control of amateur sport in Canada with the Amateur Athletic Union, supported the American case. Public sympathy and nationalist sentiment swung in Longboat's favour, however, and he headed to London as one of the favourites in the Olympic marathon. However, Longboat collapsed as the race reached 20 miles.
In 1909 he achieved the title of Professional Champion of the World. He was an innovator in this method and today the practice of incorporating hard, easy and recovery days into training is the norm. The many medals and trophies that he won, see here in this image, are testimony to his resourcefulness and capability at the time.
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Rumours circulated that Longboat had been sabotaged, perhaps even by his own handlers, and that he had been administered an illegal stimulant. The fallout from the London Olympics reiterated many of the stereotypes that Longboat faced throughout his career: "Indian" athletes were lazy, wouldn't follow training regimens, and Longboat was stubborn and too fond of alcohol. Longboat attempted to escape these slights by buying out his contract and taking control of his career. The Olympic scandal had only fueled public interest in long distance running. In 1909, a world professional marathon championship was staged indoors at New York's Madison Square Garden and Longboat defeated the world's best runners.
GEORGE LYON
When he was 38 years old, a friend encouraged him to try his hand at golf. He took to the game instantly, and success was not far behind. In 1897, Lyon reached the semi-finals of the Canadian Amateur championship, and a year later he captured the first of his eight national amateur championships winning the final match 12 and 11. In 1904, Lyon traveled to St. Louis to take part in the golf tournament that was taking place as part of the Olympic Games.
He finished seventh out of the 86 golfers who took part in the 36-hole qualifier to earn a spot in the match playdowns that would decide the final placings. He moved easily into the final where he faced U.S. Amateur champion Chandler Egan, who was 21 years old. Lyon was 46.
With wild swings imported from years as a star baseball and cricket player, Lyon’s towering drives propelled him to St. Louis, where, in the pouring rain, at the age of 46, he took Gold in golf’s only Olympic appearance.
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In the finale, the Canadian was one hole up after the morning's 18 holes, played in pouring rain. When the afternoon heat came out, it was the younger man who faltered, and Lyon captured the gold medal by winning the 36-hole match 3 and 2. Ridiculed throughout his career for his unorthodox swing, which he imported from his cricket and baseball-playing days, Lyon responded with prodigious drives, which often exceeded 280 yards.
One of the most accomplished golfers in Canadian history, he won the Canadian Amateur championship eight times between 1898 and 1912, and the Canadian Senior Amateur championship ten times between 1918 and 1930, the last at the age of 71. Lyon also won four North American Seniors championships and was runner-up at both the United States Amateur and Canadian Open championships.
SUSAN NATTRASS
Susan Nattrass, Canada's modern Annie Oakley, is a pistol-packing pioneer who has remained at the forefront of her sport for nearly four decades. The world's leading female trapshooter throughout most of the 1970s, Nattrass has forged new ground for women in what is traditionally a male-dominated sport and successfully lobbied for the inclusion of women's shooting events at the Olympic Games.
Making history in Montreal, Nattrass became the first female trap shooter to compete against men at the Olympic Games. A true trailblazer, the six time Olympian broke new ground for women in her sport.
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Thanks to Nattrass’ lobbying, the IOC debuted women’s trap shooting at the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games.
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The daughter of former Olympic trapshooter Floyd Nattrass, Susan was exposed to the sport at a young age. She began shooting at the age of 12, and by 18 had collected her first major victory at the Golden West Grand in Reno, Nevada, beating out nearly 1,300 competitors, most of them men, in the second most important competition in North America. Soon after, Nattrass began to sweep championship events across the continent. She held the national women's title from 1968-83, was the top all-around woman in North American standings from 1973-77 and captained the women's All- American trapshooting team from 1973-77.
Upon winning her first title at the Women's World Shooting Championship in Switzerland in 1974, Nattrass stated: "To me, this was the ultimate in World Class competitions and something I had always dreamed of achieving." Unlike a dream however, Nattrass's success was not fleeting; she reclaimed her world title five times in a row, a remarkable achievement for an athlete in any sport. In 1976, Nattrass was the first female trapshooter to compete at the Olympics.
This shooting vest was worn by Susan Nattrass at the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne and the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio.
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Her success required remarkable dedication, as competitive shooting enjoyed only minimal public recognition and sponsorship in Canada, and expenses for equipment and travelling to compete were considerable. However, Susan's dynamic performances were not motivated by competitive rivalry, as she explained, "I'm not out to beat somebody. I just try to do the best that I can. When I get selfish ...I don't do very well." She found fulfillment instead by challenging herself to constantly improve the mental and physical focus required to shatter clay targets with a shotgun that were flying at all angles through the air at 90 miles an hour.
CHANTAL PETITCLERC
Born December 15, 1969 in Saint-Marc-des-Carrieres, Quebec, Petitclerc didn’t have athletic dreams or aspirations until age thirteen when an accident involving a barn door resulted in her permanently losing the use of her legs. Petitclerc defied the threat of immobility by taking up swimming, which helped her stay active and develop physical strength. When she was eighteen, she took part in her first wheelchair race. Despite coming in dead last, she fell in love with the sport, and four years later, she competed in the 1992 Barcelona Paralympic Games, winning two bronze medals.
Undefeated at the 2004 Athens Paralympic Games where she won five Gold medals, Petitclerc swept another five Gold medals at the Beijing Paralympic Games, including a gutsy effort to pass two Chinese girls at 98 metres for the 100m win.
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When Chantal Petitclerc was injured at the age of 13 she had to readjust her life, to take a new direction and build on it. She fell in love with wheelchair racing, with the speed and competitive nature of the sport.
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Between 1992 and 2008, Chantal achieved unprecedented success as a Paralympian, collecting 21 medals, 14 of which were gold, and smashing multiple world records in her sport. In a tour de force performance, she won every race she entered at the 2004 Paralympic Games, setting a new record by capturing a total of five gold medals.
Remarkably, she repeated this accomplishment at the 2008 Paralympic Games, and became the first Canadian woman with a disability ever to be awarded the Lou Marsh Memorial Trophy as Canada's top athlete of the year. Her achievements as both athlete and activist continue to encourage Canadians to recognize high-performance athletes equally, "whether they are in a wheelchair or running shoes.
Chantal Petitclerc competed in wheelchair racing for herself and to push her own limits, to inspire others to compete and to try hard.
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"There is no such thing as too small or too big a dream. And to have those big dreams, to do everything to make it happen and when they do happen it is a great sense of accomplishment, for you and everyone who is working with you and for your country. It is possible to make these dreams happen and to trust that what you will want to accomplish in life, you have everything to make it happen". (quoted by Chantal Petitclerc in interview with Canada's Sports Hall of Fame in 2013)
THE MATCHLESS SIX
There was a great deal at stake for the six Canadian women who competed in track and field events at the 1928 Olympic Games in Amsterdam. Together, Florence Jane Bell, Ethel Catherwood, Myrtle Cook, Fanny "Bobbie" Rosenfeld, Ethel Smith and Jean Thompson were pioneering uncharted territory for female athletes, as 1928 marked the first time women's track and field events were included on the Olympic program.
The Canadian relay team of Florence Jane Bell, Myrtle Cook, Ethel Smith and Bobbie Rosenfeld trained together for the first time on the boat from Canada to Holland and won the women’s 4x100m relay at the 1928 Olympic Games in Amsterdam.
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Marginalized by sexist assumptions that women inherently lacked the stamina and strength required to compete in Olympic-calibre athletics, their participation remained a contentious topic of debate among Canadian organizers. Fearlessly pulling together to overcome adversity, the first Canadian Women's Olympic Track and Field Team owned the podium in 1928, and were quickly dubbed the 'Matchless Six' for their unprecedented achievements.
Bobbie Rosenfeld and Ethel Smith stepped up to capture silver and bronze respectively for Canada in the 100m race. Rosenfeld and Smith along with Florence Jane Bell and Myrtle Cook won gold in record time in the 4x100m women's relay race. In the high jump competition, Ethel Catherwood captured the only individual gold medal ever won by a Canadian woman in Olympic track and field.
Two members of the track team who competed in the 100 yard (91m) dash were Ethel Smith, (far left) and Bobbie Rosenfeld (second from left). Ethel Smith's story is one of perseverance and courage. She had to quit school at age 14 in order to work and help support her family. She trained and competed outside of her work and came home from the Olympic Games with two medals, the bronze in the 100m and the gold in the relay.
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CATHY TOWNSEND
She was a quick study, and thanks in part to the fitness gained from other recreational activities such as curling and cross-country skiing, she was soon among the city's best women bowlers. She continued her career in the 1970s, competing on the local scene in Montreal and frequently representing Canada at the annual Tournament of the Americas in Miami, Florida. In 1974, Townsend returned to the FIQ championships, held that year in Caracas, Venezuela. She captured three medals: gold in the doubles with fellow Montrealer Joanne Walker, as well as silver in the four-women competition and bronze in the five-women event. But it was in 1975 that Townsend achieved international success as a singles bowler.
Cathy Townsend is one of Canada's most decorated international 10-pin bowlers. Born in Campbelltown, New Brunswick, she spent her adult life working in Montreal, where she took up 10-pin bowling in 1963.
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She won the Canadian 10-pin championship and earned a trip to the AMF World Cup in the Philippines. Unfortunately, her clothes and bowling equipment were lost en route to Manila and she had to find replacements, including the special shoes required by left-handed bowlers, in the days leading up to the tournament.
Despite this setback, Townsend found herself ready to bowl 34 games over four days against 28 other women. She was the leading finisher in both the quarter-final and semi-final rounds before meeting her roommate at the tournament, Hattieann Morrissette of Bermuda, in the final. Townsend built up a sizeable lead, winning the first two games of the three-game final, and went on to win the title, 540-509. She became the first Canadian woman and third Canadian to win the AMF World Cup.
PERCY WILLIAMS
Though slight, sickly, and spindly as a teenager, Williams was a bullet on his Vancouver high school track. In 1926, his incredible speed caught the attention of coach Bob Granger, who immediately took him under his wing and began to prepare the young athlete for the great races of which he knew him to be capable.
By 1927, Williams had beaten some of the finest sprinters on the west coast and broken his province's records in the 100yd. and 220yd. dashes. Despite his impressive record, few expected Williams to leave his mark on the international track scene, let alone reach the Olympic podium.
Williams sprinted to a phenomenal double victory at the Amsterdam Olympic Games. Beating renowned runners from the U.S., Germany and England, the slight athlete took Gold in the 100m and 200m, earning Canada’s greatest solo achievement in Olympic track.
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Canadians were stunned on July 29, 1928, when the news broke that 19-year-old Williams had won the Olympic gold medal in the 100m event, beating out the favoured runners from England, Germany, and the United States. This, however, was only the beginning. Three days later, the Canadian underdog whipped the world's best once again in the 200m race, establishing himself as the fastest man on earth.
DONOVAN BAILEY
Unlike many athletes, Donovan Bailey wasn't always interested in making a name for himself at the Olympics. He worked as a successful marketing and investment consultant for several years before starting serious training in track and field.
Under the tutelage of coach Dan Pfaff, Bailey quickly honed his skills and began taking first place wins in the 4 x 100m relay at both the Commonwealth Games and the Francophone Games in 1994, as well as the 100m race at the 1995 Canadian Championships in Montreal.
Donovan Bailey ran an anchor leg time of 8.95 seconds to bring the Gold medal home for Canada. The Canadian 4x100m men’s relay team of Bruny Surin, Glenroy Gilbert, Donovan Bailey and Robert Esmie ran a flawless Gold medal winning race at the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta.
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The 1996 relay team consisted of Donovan Bailey, Bruny Surin, Robert Esmie, Glenroy Gilbert and Charlton Chambers who ran in the heats. Each member of the team had a job to do and they achieved their success through their personal work ethic and the team spirit they had. They knew they could win because they believed in themselves and the team.
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Bailey remained on top at the 1995 World Championships in Goteborg, Sweden, winning first place in both the 100m race and the 4 x 100m relay. He claimed first place in both of these races once again at the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, setting a new world record of 9.84 seconds in the 100m sprint. These fantastic feats earned Bailey the rare triple title of World Champion, Olympic Champion, and World Record Holder in the 100m race, an achievement that has been accomplished by only one other athlete.
In 1997, Bailey beat American sprinting champion Michael Johnson in a much publicized 150m race to determine who was the "World's Fastest Man." He was named Sprinter of the Decade by Track and Field News in 2000.
Donovan Bailey won two gold medals at the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, winning the 100m sprint and team relay. His values as a person and an athlete included discipline, focus, hard work and staying true to himself in order to achieve his goals.
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GARY COWAN
In the case of Gary Cowan, sub-par performance is what made him a champion. He was only 28 years old in 1967 when he was inducted into Canada's Sports Hall of fame, and by then he'd already created a lasting imprint in the world of golf. He first shot into national prominence in 1956 by winning the Ontario and Canadian junior titles. Five years later, Cowan was Canadian amateur champion. He was also a runner-up for this title on three occasions, in 1959, 1960, and 1964.
Standing 135 yards short of the pin on the final hole, Cowan only needed a par to secure a victory at the 1971 U.S. Amateur Open. Cowan went for the hole and hit a perfect 9-iron that rolled into the cup for a three-shot win.
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In 1964, he added another noteworthy feat to his growing list of accomplishments by finishing in a tie for low amateur in the Masters tournament at Augusta, Georgia. Winner of almost every competition open to a Canadian amateur, he peaked with a thrilling one-stroke victory over Deane Beman in the 1966 U.S. Amateur at Ardmore, Pasadena.
PHIL EDWARDS
Originally from British Guyana, Phil Edwards moved to Canada with hopes of furthering his running career and participating in the Olympic Games. His aspirations were more than fulfilled; Edwards soon became one of Canada's most prized track-and-field stars of the late 1920s and early '30s, as well as its most decorated Olympic athlete. In all, Edwards, the "Man of Bronze," won five bronze medals from three Olympic Games.
As captain of the track and field team, Edwards came through at the Olympic Games in Los Angeles. Running three finals in three days, he claimed three Bronze medals in the 800m, 1500m and 4 x 400m relay.
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Phil Edwards was recognized not only as a top athlete but as a humanitarian. After his athletic career was over he became a leading physician and tropical disease expert in Montreal and went on to use his expertise on international medical missions. He helped develop Canada's first international sport effort which assisted young developing athletes in the eastern Caribbean.
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At the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin, Dr. Phil Edwards was named captain of the Canadian Olympic team. Edwards was the perfect fit for the role; he had captained McGill's University track team to five successive championships and had won four Olympic bronze medals at the 1928 and 1932 Olympic Games. His selection as captain, however, was a powerful statement since Germany intended to use the Games as a means to showcase the "superiority" of the Aryan race, and Edwards was a black Canadian. Adolf Hitler, and his propaganda expert, Joseph Goebbels, used the Berlin Games to promote Nazi ideals, which included the belief of the inferiority of non-White groups.
In the 800-metre track final, Edwards raced to third place to take the bronze medal, and in doing so, became Canada's most decorated Olympic athlete during the twentieth century. In such a racially tense atmosphere, Edwards, along with other black athletes from around the world, continued to run in the face of racism. On the way back to Canada, the Canadian Olympic team stopped to stay the night at an English hotel, but other patrons began kicking up a fuss at the presence of a black man in their midst. In a gesture of solidarity, the team stood up for Edwards and they left for a safer and more welcoming night stay elsewhere.
After his return to Canada, Edwards enlisted in the Army and served as a Captain fighting against the Nazi regime in World War II. But Edwards did not just confront racism on the track and on the battlefield; he also challenged the racist stereotype that black people are not intelligent. Edwards graduated as a medical doctor from McGill University in 1936, and he also received a graduate diploma specializing in tropical diseases for his pioneering medical work.
While studying medicine at McGill University Phil Edwards competed at every intercollegiate meet and was captain of the track and field team from 1931 to 1936. The team won six consecutive championships. He was considered to be the backbone of the team through his leadership and integrity.
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TERRY FOX
In the history of Canadian sport, Terry Fox stands out as an exceptional symbol of courage, compassion and hope. He remains one of Canada's most beloved sports heroes because of the extraordinary lengths he went to help others in the face of hardship, suffering and loss. Born in Winnipeg in 1958, Terry became active in sports while growing up in Port Coquitlam, B.C. After turning 18 he was diagnosed with bone cancer and forced to have his right leg amputated above the knee.
Dipping his artificial leg into the Atlantic Ocean, Fox began his “Marathon of Hope”. For 123 days, the iron-willed athlete ran 42km per day through harsh weather and exhaustion. When spreading cancer forced him to stop, he had covered 5373km.
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Running from St. John’s to Thunder Bay, Fox raised $23.5 million for cancer research.
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While recovering in hospital, he was inspired by the other young cancer patients he met who were facing uncertain futures with tremendous bravery and hope. The same illness that changed his body so dramatically had strengthened his spirit, and once he had recovered Terry decided to run across Canada to raise funds for cancer research.
Terry spent 18 months conditioning, running over 5,000 kilometres to perfect a unique shuffling gait that enabled him to run long distances with a prosthetic leg. Dubbed the Marathon of Hope, his cross-country journey began in St. John's, Newfoundland on April 12, 1980.
After 143 days and 5,373 kilometres Terry was forced to stop running outside of Thunder Bay when cancer was discovered in his lungs. Returning to B.C. for treatment, he lost his second battle with the disease and passed away at the age of 22 on June 28, 1981. However, his legacy lives on in the Terry Fox Run, an annual fundraising event held in communities across Canada and around the world that has raised millions of dollars worldwide for cancer research in the wake of his passing.
LUCILLE LESSARD
Archer Lucille Lessard faced many a taunt from male colleagues, but she found the best way to overcome them was to keep competing and keep winning. She was introduced to archery by a high school teacher, Leonard Brisson, who just happened to be a national team coach.
Squinting down the arrow at targets of unmarked distances, over diverse terrain, 17-year-old Lessard was unbeatable. With intense concentration, the young archer excelled against her world-class competitors to take home Canada’s first-ever World Championship in field archery.
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As a 15-year-old, she won her first national championship in 1972 as a junior in field archery, placing second in the outdoor target event. 1974 was Lessard's breakout year. She won her first of three consecutive indoor national titles and at the Canadian championships claimed first place at the senior level, despite being just 17, in both the target outdoor and field events.